Bovens’ accountability framework uses three criteria to evaluate the effectiveness of the public accountability regime:
- Democratic Control – the existence of forums, adequate information, enforceable sanctions, the ability to adjust behaviour, and incentives to commit to the agenda.[1]
- Checks and Balances - effective account holding and account giving, preventative effects of sanctions, and the discouragement of improper governance.[2]
- Improvement and Learning – institutionalisation and dissemination of lessons learned.[3]
These criteria are used to evaluate the effectiveness of three key accountability arrangements that are present in Auckland’s governance structure. (See further details under Policy Options). Two of these arrangements – statement of intent, and six-monthly and annual reporting – are required under existing local government legislation. The third arrangement – public meetings – has been introduced through the Local Government (Auckland Council) Amendment Act 2010.
[1] Bovens, pp. 27-29.
[2] Bovens, pp. 29.
[3] Bovens, pp. 29-30.